Spheromaks in The Time-Dependent Corona and Heliosphere

Authors: Roberto Lionello (PSI), Viacheslav S. Titov (PSI), Cooper Downs (PSI), Jon A. Linker (PSI), Emily I. Mason (PSI), Tibor Török (PSI)

Spheromaks or detached plasmoids have been invoked to describe the structure of magnetic clouds in the solar wind, as being an alternative to cylindrical flux ropes anchored to the Sun.
We have examined spheromaks formation and propagation with our coupled time-dependent MHD models of coronal and heliospheric evolution. The coronal algorithm was applied to make a live prediction of the 2024 solar eclipse (Downs et al., 2025) and then the heliospheric counterpart extended the solution to 2 AU (Lionello et al., 2026). Within this framework, we study the topology of spheromaks, their temporal and spatial distribution, and discuss possible observational signatures.