Observations of Small Scale Brightenings as observed by DKIST and GST

Authors: Mia Mancuso (NJIT), Ju Jing (NJIT), Haimin Wang (NJIT)

As instrument resolution has increased our ability to study small scale features on the sun has drastically improved. The frequency and abundance of small scale magnetic reconnection events position them as a key driver of energy release on the sun. Here we present a case study of five small scale brightenings in emerging active region AR 13712 on June 18, 2024 using high-resolution observations from DKIST and GST spanning from 17:24 UT – 18:25 UT. The brightenings encompass a range of possible small scale energy release events; one shows clear Ellerman bomb-like morphology in both H-alpha and H-beta, while another appears as nano-flare-like activity with significant enhancement in the line cores. DeSIRe inversions identify temperature enhancements in some cases and help estimate the height at which the heating occurs. The photospheric magnetic field is recovered using pyMilne inversions of the Fe I 630 nm line from the Visible Spectropolarimeter (ViSP) aboard DKIST. Most, but not all events, occur near a polarity inversion line or a region of flux cancellation between two small opposite polarity patches. We leverage high-resolution DKIST magnetograms embedded into HMI for extrapolations. Our results highlight the diverse nature of small scale brightenings and demonstrate the advantages of coordinated observations.”