Explore the solar-terrestrial disturbances by radio technique

Authors: Yihua Yan (NSSC, NAOC, UCAS), Wei Wang (NSSC, NAOC), Linjie Chen (NSSC, NAOC), Jin Fan (NAOC, NSSC), Zhichao Zhou (NSSC), Xin Yao (NSSC), Chengming Tan (NSSC), Xiaoshuai Zhu (NSSC)

Solar activities are driving sources for space weather. It is desirable to obtain information from the Sun to the Earth. Radio techniques can detect information from the Sun to the Earth environment globally. For example, solar radio bursts are prompt indicators of the various solar activities including flares, CMEs, and SEPs, etc. In general, the decimetre and shorter wavelength observations may contain information corresponding to the solar corona and lower solar atmosphere until solar chromosphere,  and metric or decametre wavelength observations corresponding to the higher corona reaching a few solar radius. Space low frequency observations from ~10 MHz to ~10 KHz may cover the regime from interplanetary space to the Earth environment. On the other hand, ground IPS observations may cover the entire regime from ~10s solar radius to ~200 solar radius. Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph (MUSER) is dedicated to observe the Sun with the imaging-spectroscopy capacity. MUSER was composed of two arrays of 40 4.5m antennas covering 400MHz -2 GHz, and 60 2m antennas covering 2 – 15 GHz. MUSER is upgraded this year to have the third array in 30-400 MHz with 100+124 (calibration) log-periodic dipole antennas. A new 3-site Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) telescope with three 140 m by 40m cylinder antennas at MUSER site and 2 sub-sites about 200 km apart, having a 30 m dish antenna each, have been constructed. MUSER and IPS telescopes will play important roles in diagnosing and monitoring the physics processes in the space weather events.