Global Heliosphere: The Role of Pickup Ion, Neutral Atoms, and Galactic Cosmic Rays

Authors: Nikolai Pogorelov (Department of Space Science, The University of Alabama in Huntsville), Ratan Kumar Bera (CSPAR, The University of Alabama in Huntsville), Federico Fraternale (CSPAR, The University of Alabama in Huntsville), Ming Zhang (Florida Institute of Technology)

A new, time-dependent model of the solar wind (SW) interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM) is proposed, where nonthermal (pickup) ions (PUIs) are treated as a separate fluid and kinetically-derived boundary conditions are used to describe PUIs crossing the heliopause (HP). The effects of solar cycle are considered. The results of numerical simulations are compared with the New Horizons and Voyager data. The solutions exhibit a long, comet-like heliotail, which extends at least to 10,000  AU downwind. The model is additionally validated by reproducing the anisotropy of 5 TeV Galactic cosmic rays measured  at  the Tibet air shower observatory.