Authors: Sushant S. Mahajan (Stanford University) , Lisa A. Upton (Southwest Research Institute), H. M. Antia (UM-DAE Centre of Excellence for Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai), Sarbani Basu (Yale University), Lekshmi Biji (Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research), David H. Hathaway (Stanford University), J. Todd Hoeksema (Stanford University), Kiran Jain (National Solar Observatory), Rudolf W. Komm (National Solar Observatory), Derek A. Lamb (Southwest Research Institute), Alexei A. Pevtsov (National Solar Observatory), Thierry Roudier (IRAP/Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées), Sushanta C. Tripathy (National Solar Observatory), Roger K. Ulrich (University of California Los Angeles), Shea A. Hess Webber (Stanford University), Junwei Zhao (Stanford University)

We have developed a comprehensive catalog of variable differential rotation and meridional flow measurements near the solar photosphere, utilizing multiple techniques: direct Doppler, granule tracking, magnetic feature and pattern tracking, as well as time-distance and ring-diagram methods of local helioseismology. Analyzing the overlap period of MDI, HMI, GONG, and Mt. Wilson data (April 2010 – January 2011), we investigate discrepancies between the flows obtained from these methods. Our findings indicate that acceleration derived from torsional oscillation serves as a more reliable indicator of long-term trends compared to residual velocity magnitude, with consistent trends across all measurement techniques. Additionally, examining long-term acceleration in meridional flow measurements sheds light on inconsistencies among different methods. Together, these analyses enhance our understanding of the net horizontal forces acting on the solar photosphere.