Redeployment of the Haleakala Neutron Monitor in Hawaii

Authors: Andrew Kuhlman (University of New Hampshire), Veronica Bindi (University of Hawaii at Manoa), Malcolm Colson (University of New Hampshire), Jason Legere (University of New Hampshire), Nikolay Nikonov (University of Hawaii at Manoa), James Ryan (University of New Hampshire)

A neutron monitor was recently redeployed to the summit of Haleakala (altitude ~3 km) on the island of Maui in Hawaii. The project is a collaboration between groups from the University of Hawaii at Manoa and the University of New Hampshire. A neutron monitor is a ground-based detector sensitive to nucleons from cosmic ray showers. Currently, many neutron monitors are operating around the world functioning together as a giant spectrometer referred to collectively as the neutron monitor network. We were able to reuse the counter tubes from the previous monitor, but the rest of the instrument had to be built again from scratch, which involved: the housing (lead producer, polyethylene moderator) for the counter tubes, electronics (development, integration, etc.), deployment to the summit, and more. The new neutron monitor is valuable because its location in the middle of the Pacific Ocean fills a gap in the neutron monitor network; additionally, it’s high altitude and low latitude are both beneficial for the detection of solar neutrons that provide information about nuclear reactions occurring in the solar atmosphere during solar flares and solar energetic particle acceleration.