Authors: Ashraf Moradi (University of Arizona), Joe Giacalone (University of Arizona)

We present a study on the transport of the solar energetic particles (SEPs) from the Sun to the magnetopause in the energy range of 300 MeV/n to a few GeV/n that is relevant to SEP events detected by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) instrument onboard of International Space Station. We release 100 million mono-energetic protons impulsively near the Sun in various latitudes and longitudes with respect to the Earth, integrate their trajectory into interplanetary space and create a map of the entrance position of the SEPs into the magnetopause. In the first phase, we only chose the average Parker Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) in three cases of no heliospheric current sheet (HCS), with flat HCS in the ecliptic plane in both A+ and A- IMF polarity. We recorded all the solar protons crossing 1 AU in the Ecliptic plane (magnetopause’s location) whether the Earth was magnetically well-connected or weakly connected. We calculate the direction that the solar energetic protons are entering the magnetopause in the GSE coordinate. In our model, magnetopause is a sphere with various sizes. We include the pitch-angle scattering by computing an average scattering time, then scatter the phase and pitch angle to a new random value drawn from an isotropic distribution. The value of the parallel mean free path (λ||) of 1au was selected to be the same as the observation of the same energy range by Cramp et al. 1997. We find that the maximum flux enters the magnetopause in the location that the Parker spiral on the dayside and the polar region does not receive any SEP flux even in case of the strong pitch-angle scattering. We also find the entrance map depends on the magnetic connectivity to the source of the SEPs on the Sun. The existence of the HCS drastically changes the entrance position of the SEPs into the magnetopause and even the initial flux can be detected in the nightside.