Authors: M. B. Khan (University of Delaware), M. A. Shay (University of Delaware)

Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in the turbulent relaxation of space and astrophysical plasmas, such as the solar corona, solar wind, and Earth’s magnetosheath. Recent studies have shed light on the role of magnetic reconnection as an efficient energy dissipation mechanism in these large-scale turbulent systems. However, the relative role of magnetic reconnection in dissipating turbulent energy in these macroscopic systems is still not fully understood. To investigate these issues, we simulate a turbulent plasma system using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. A large number of reconnection sites are found, and their statistical properties are quantified. The study reveals, for the first time, that the distribution of upstream reconnecting fields is strongly correlated with the distribution of global fields at the energy-containing scales. To further explore these relations in weakly collisional systems, we perform a similar analysis on kinetic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations of plasma turbulence and on in situ observations of the terrestrial magnetosheath using the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS). Notably, the key conclusions drawn from MHD simulations remain valid in both the kinetic simulations and MMS observations. These findings are expected to significantly refine theoretical estimates of reconnection rates and heating rates resulting from magnetic reconnection.