Electron Energization in Magnetic Reconnection: Eulerian versus Lagrangian Perspectives

Authors: Jason TenBarge (Princeton University), Jimmy Juno (PPPL), Gregory Howes (University of Iowa)

Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous process in space and astrophysical plasmas, and it plays a fundamental role in transforming stored magnetic energy into particle kinetic and thermal energies. Particle energization in magnetic reconnection has traditionally been examined from a particle, or Lagrangian, perspective using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Guiding center analyses of PIC particles has suggested that Fermi (curvature drift) acceleration and direct acceleration via the reconnection electric field are the primary electron energization mechanisms. For this work, we employ the continuum Vlasov-Maxwell solver within the Gkeyll simulation framework to re-examine electron energization from a continuum, Eulerian perspective. We leverage both the field-particle correlation as well as component J.E work to determine the dominant electron energization mechanisms in a moderate guide-field Gkeyll simulation. We compare the Eulerian (Vlasov Gkeyll) results with the wisdom gained from Lagrangian (PIC) analyses.