Extended 3He-rich time periods observed by Solar Orbiter

Authors: A. Kouloumvakos (The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), G. M. Mason (The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), G. C. Ho (The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), R. C. Allen (The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber (University of Kiel), A. P. Rouillard (IRAP), and J. Rodriguez-Pacheco (Universidad de Alcala)

Observations of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) using the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), which is part of the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite on the Solar Orbiter mission, present an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the composition and evolution of SEPs in close proximity to the Sun. We have compiled a catalogue of extended time periods during the first five orbits of Solar Orbiter around the Sun, which exhibit a significant abundance of 3He. We have identified 33 periods lasting over one day and show a high abundance of 3He. For each period, we examined the SEP characteristics, the magnetic connectivity of the spacecraft, and the magnetically connected regions. Our findings show that these time periods typically span seven days and consist of multiple injections of 3He. The time periods usually start(end) when the spacecraft’s magnetic connection changes to(from) an active region (AR).