Kinetic Instabilities caused by Accelerated Protons after Reconnection and Associated 3He Heating

Authors: Anna Fitzmaurice (UMCP), James Drake (UMCP), Marc Swisdak (UMCP)

Extreme enhancements of 3He are commonly observed during impulsive SEP events, suggesting the presence of a preferential acceleration mechanism during solar energy release. While previous acceleration models have proposed that high-energy electron beams give rise to ion cyclotron waves which resonate with 3He, there is minimal evidence that electrons will produce instabilities with enough energy in the correct frequency range to drive these enhancements. However, through linear stability analysis and fully kinetic plasma simulations, we have found that ion beams accelerated by magnetic reconnection produce highly oblique kinetic Alfvén waves over a broad range of ion-scale frequencies which can increase the 3He temperature by an order of magnitude. We propose that these waves propagate down from energy release sites and heat 3He streaming up from the chromosphere, allowing it to migrate into the acceleration region, increasing the abundances there. While observational data on the ions during solar energy release is limited, reconnection in the heliospheric current sheet, observed in situ by Parker Solar Probe, is a promising analog that can help us better understand the waves generated by energetic ion beams.